Java Operators Tutorial

• Arithmetic Operators: Perform basic mathematical operations.
• Relational Operators: Compare two values or expressions.
• Logical Operators: Perform logical operations on boolean values.
• Bitwise Operators: Perform operations on individual bits of integer values.
• Assignment Operators: Assign values to variables.
• Miscellaneous Operators: Includes ternary and instanceOf operators.

Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

• +: Addition (e.g., 5 + 3 results in 8).
• -: Subtraction (e.g., 5 - 3 results in 2).
• *: Multiplication (e.g., 5 * 3 results in 15).
• /: Division (e.g., 10 / 2 results in 5).
• %: Modulus (e.g., 10 % 3 results in 1).
• ++: Increment (e.g., int x = 5; x++; results in x = 6).
• --: Decrement (e.g., int x = 5; x--; results in x = 4).

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int a = 10, b = 3;
System.out.println("Addition: " + (a + b)); // 13
System.out.println("Subtraction: " + (a - b)); // 7
System.out.println("Multiplication: " + (a * b)); // 30
System.out.println("Division: " + (a / b)); // 3
System.out.println("Modulus: " + (a % b)); // 1

Relational operators are used to compare two values or expressions and return a boolean result (true or false).

• ==: Equal to (e.g., 5 == 3 results in false).
• !=: Not equal to (e.g., 5 != 3 results in true).
• >: Greater than (e.g., 5 > 3 results in true).
• <: Less than (e.g., 5 < 3 results in false).
• >=: Greater than or equal to (e.g., 5 >= 5 results in true).
• <=: Less than or equal to (e.g., 5 <= 3 results in false).

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int x = 5, y = 3;
System.out.println("Equal to: " + (x == y)); // false
System.out.println("Not equal to: " + (x != y)); // true
System.out.println("Greater than: " + (x > y)); // true
System.out.println("Less than: " + (x < y)); // false

Logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions and return a boolean result.

• &&: Logical AND (e.g., true && false results in false).
• ||: Logical OR (e.g., true || false results in true).
• !: Logical NOT (e.g., !true results in false).

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boolean a = true, b = false;
System.out.println("AND: " + (a && b)); // false
System.out.println("OR: " + (a || b)); // true
System.out.println("NOT: " + (!a)); // false

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

• =: Simple assignment (e.g., int x = 5;).
• +=: Add and assign (e.g., x += 3; is equivalent to x = x + 3;).
• -=: Subtract and assign (e.g., x -= 3; is equivalent to x = x - 3;).
• *=: Multiply and assign (e.g., x *= 3; is equivalent to x = x * 3;).
• /=: Divide and assign (e.g., x /= 3; is equivalent to x = x / 3;).
• %=: Modulus and assign (e.g., x %= 3; is equivalent to x = x % 3;).

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int x = 10;
x += 5; // x = 15
x -= 3; // x = 12
x *= 2; // x = 24
x /= 4; // x = 6
x %= 5; // x = 1

The ternary operator is a shorthand for an if-else statement.

• Syntax: condition ? expression1 : expression2.
• If the condition is true, expression1 is executed; otherwise, expression2 is executed.

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int x = 10, y = 5;
String result = (x > y) ? "x is greater" : "y is greater";
System.out.println(result); // x is greater