C Operators Tutorial

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations on numeric values.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 5;
    printf("Sum: %d\n", a + b);
    printf("Difference: %d\n", a - b);
    printf("Product: %d\n", a * b);
    printf("Quotient: %d\n", a / b);
    printf("Modulus: %d\n", a % b);
    return 0;
}

2. Relational Operators

Relational operators are used to compare two values. They return either true (1) or false (0).

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 5;
    printf("Is a > b? %d\n", a > b);
    printf("Is a < b? %d\n", a < b);
    printf("Is a == b? %d\n", a == b);
    printf("Is a != b? %d\n", a != b);
    return 0;
}

3. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements and return true or false based on the result.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 5;
    printf("a > 5 && b < 10: %d\n", a > 5 && b < 10);
    printf("a > 5 || b > 10: %d\n", a > 5 || b > 10);
    printf("!(a > b): %d\n", !(a > b));
    return 0;
}

4. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to perform bit-level operations on integers. These include operators like AND (&), OR (|), XOR (^), and more.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a = 5, b = 3;
    printf("a & b: %d\n", a & b);
    printf("a | b: %d\n", a | b);
    printf("a ^ b: %d\n", a ^ b);
    printf("~a: %d\n", ~a);
    return 0;
}

5. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. These include simple assignment and compound assignment operators.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a = 5;
    a += 3;  // a = a + 3
    printf("a += 3: %d\n", a);
    a *= 2;  // a = a * 2
    printf("a *= 2: %d\n", a);
    return 0;
}

6. Increment and Decrement Operators

Increment and Decrement operators are used to increase or decrease a variable's value by 1, respectively.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a = 5;
    printf("a++: %d\n", a++);
    printf("++a: %d\n", ++a);
    printf("a--: %d\n", a--);
    printf("--a: %d\n", --a);
    return 0;
}

7. Conditional (Ternary) Operator

The conditional (ternary) operator is a shorthand way to perform a conditional check. It is used as follows: condition ? expr1 : expr2.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 5;
    int max = (a > b) ? a : b;
    printf("Max: %d\n", max);
    return 0;
}

8. Sizeof Operator

The sizeof operator is used to determine the size of a variable or data type in bytes.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a = 10;
    printf("Size of int: %zu\n", sizeof(a));
    return 0;
}

9. Comma Operator

The comma operator allows multiple expressions to be evaluated in a single statement, with the result of the last expression being returned.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a = 5, b = 10;
    int result = (a++, b++);
    printf("a: %d, b: %d, result: %d\n", a, b, result);
    return 0;
}

10. Conclusion

Understanding operators is fundamental to programming in C. They allow you to perform a wide range of operations on variables and values. By mastering these operators, you can write more efficient and effective C programs.